[MANUSCRIPT - PHILIPPE V]. Calendar for the Year 1702. For the use of His Catholic Majesty Philippe V. S.l., 1702. - Manuscript in-8, 189x126: 63 pp. Red morocco, gilt stippled fillet, gilt fleur-de-lys at corners, and gilt arms in center on boards, ornate ribbed spine, dark blue morocco lining with gilt lace framing, paper endpapers with gilt foliage motifs, gilt edges (period binding). Precious handwritten calendar, written in red and black for Philippe V (1683-1746), son of the Grand Dauphin and grandson of Louis XIV, who became King of Spain in 1700. It was drawn up by the geometer Joseph Sauveur (1653-1716), a learned physicist, inventor of the science of acoustics, elected to the Académie des Sciences on February 29, 1696, and professor at the Collège de France (1686-1716), holding the chair of mathematics. It's a complex, multi-faceted work, combining religious, political and astronomical precision, beginning with an epistle to the king, followed by a page of remarks for the year 1702. Each month is then detailed on four pages, offering a wealth of methodically organized information. The first page presents the days of the month and week, with indications of saints' feasts, specific religious events, and the king's activities. Days off in Madrid are highlighted, as are ceremonies and days without a Royal Council. The second page offers a comparison between different calendars: the new style (Gregorian) for Catholics, the old style (Julian) for Protestants, and the Hegira calendar for Muslims. It also includes information on rulers' reign years, marriages and royal feasts. The third and fourth pages focus on astronomical aspects. They detail the hours of day and night, the phases of the moon, as well as the rising and setting times of the moon and sun. Specific symbols indicate the different lunar phases, and colored lines distinguish between dawn, dusk, day and night. Instructions are provided for calculating the exact time using the moon's position. At the end, a 10-page "Explanation of what is contained in the months of this Calendar" appears. Precious copy in contemporary lined binding, bearing the coat of arms of Philip V. In 1711, Philip V founded two separate libraries: the Real Biblioteca Particular, reserved for the royal family, and the Real Biblioteca Pública, open to the public. The latter, installed in 1712 in a passageway linking the royal palace to the Monastery of the Incarnation, became the cultural heart of the Bourbons. It centralized holdings from the collections of the House of Austria, books brought back from France by Philip V, and confiscated volumes, initially totaling 8,000 works. In 1836, it became the Biblioteca Nacional, under state supervision. The private library was first housed in the east wing of the palace, then moved to the north-west wing in 1832. This copy was acquired in the early 20th century by banker and bibliophile Mortimer L. Schiff (1877-1931). "Mortimer L. Schiff owned one of the most important libraries of the interwar period. The beginnings of his collection date back to 1911-1912, when he took part in the successive sales of the library of another great American collector, Robert Hoe III (1839-1909), acquiring around one hundred items representing the 16th and 17th centuries. In 1920, he enriched his collection with large illustrated books, notably from the library of collector Robert Schuman. In addition to a remarkable collection of first editions of French classics, calligraphic manuscripts and 18th-century French engravings, Mortimer L. Schiff's library was particularly renowned for its collection of French bindings, which included major 16th- and 17th-century Parisian decorations and, above all, a unique collection of 18th-century mosaic bindings. In 1935, Seymour de Ricci published two catalogs of the signed bindings in his library: one devoted to French bindings (three volumes) and the second to English and other bindings (one volume). This library was dispersed in 1938 by the heirs of Mortimer L. Schiff, at three successive sales held in London on March 23-25, 1938, July 5-7, 1938 and December 6-9, 1938" (Bnf website). Used rubbing to binding, corners slightly dulled. Provenance: Philippe V. - Mortimer L Schiff, with bookplate (cat. III, 1432).